Year: 2022
Author: Bartels, Charlotte, Maaßen, Lotte
Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, Vol. 91 (2022), Iss. 1 : pp. 41–54
Abstract
Since the middle of the 20th century, the macroeconomic importance of real estate has been increasing in many countries. This also brings to attention the distribution of housing wealth and its impact on wealth and income inequality. We first look at the long-term development of real estate prices, home ownership rates and wealth concentration, addressing international as well as regional differences within Germany. In general, higher ownership rates are associated with lower levels of wealth inequality. In Germany, the recent increase in real estate prices has caused the gap between the upper and lower halves of the wealth distribution to widen. We then show, that the distribution of rental income and housing wealth can explain approximately one third of total income and wealth inequality. Finally, we address the distributional effects of prominent housing policy measures, which are mostly ambiguous and depend on the design of individual policy measures.
Journal Article Details
Publisher Name: Global Science Press
Language: German
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3790/vjh.91.1.41
Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, Vol. 91 (2022), Iss. 1 : pp. 41–54
Published online: 2022-01
AMS Subject Headings: Duncker & Humblot, Duncker & Humblot
Copyright: COPYRIGHT: © Global Science Press
Pages: 14
Keywords: R3 D31 Real estate wealth distribution
Author Details
-
Albers, Thilo, Charlotte Bartels und Moritz Schularick (2020): The distribution of wealth in Germany, 1895 – 2018. ECONtribute Policy Brief No. 001.
Google Scholar -
Alvaredo, Facundo, Anthony B. Atkinson und Salvatore Morelli (2018): Top wealth shares in the UK over more than a century. Journal of Public Economics, 162, 26 – 47.
Google Scholar -
Andrews, Dan und Aida Caldera Sánchez (2011): The evolution of homeownership rates in selected OECD countries: Demographic and public policy influences. OECD Journal: Economic Studies No. 1, 1 – 37.
Google Scholar -
Autor, David H., Christopher J. Palmer und Parag A. Pathak (2014): Housing market spillovers: evidence from the end of rent control in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Journal of Political Economy, 122(3), 661 – 717.
Google Scholar -
Bartels, Charlotte und Carsten Schröder (2020a): The role of rental income, real estate and rents for inequality in Germany. Forum New Economy Working Papers No. 7.
Google Scholar -
Bartels, Charlotte und Carsten Schröder (2020b): Die Bedeutung von Mieteinkommen und Immobilien für die Ungleichheit in Deutschland. Wirtschaftsdienst, 100(10), 741 – 746.
Google Scholar -
Baselgia, Enea und Isabel Martínez (2021): A safe harbor: Wealth-income ratios in Switzerland over the 20th Century and the role of housing prices. KOF Working Paper No. 487.
Google Scholar -
Cho, Sang-Wook Stanley und Johanna L. Francis (2011): Tax treatment of owner-occupied housing and wealth inequality. Journal of Macroeconomics, 33(1), 42 – 60.
Google Scholar -
Christophers, Brett (2021): A tale of two inequalities: Housing-wealth inequality and tenure inequality, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 53(3), 573 – 594.
Google Scholar -
Deutscher Bundestag (1995): Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung: Materialien zur Deutschen Einheit und zum Aufbau in den neuen Bundesländern. Drucksache 13/2280.
Google Scholar -
Diamond, Rebecca, Tim McQuade und Francis Qian (2019): The effects of rent control expansion on tenants, landlords, and inequality: Evidence from San Francisco. American Economic Review, 109(9), 3365 – 3394.
Google Scholar -
Eurostat (2022): Distribution of population by tenure status, type of household and income group – EU-SILC survey, January 19, 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ILC_LVHO02/default/table?lang=en&category=livcon.ilc.ilc_lv.ilc_lvho (abgerufen am 25. 01. 2022).
Google Scholar -
Garbinti, Bertrand, Jonathan Goupille-Lebret und Thomas Piketty (2021): Accounting for wealth inequality dynamics: Methods, estimates and simulations for France. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19(1), 620 – 663.
Google Scholar -
Jordà, Òscar, Moritz Schularick und Alan M. Taylor (2017): Macrofinancial history and the new business cycle facts. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 31(1), 213 – 263.
Google Scholar -
Kholodilin, Konstantin A. und Sebastian Kohl (2021a): Social policy or crowding-out? Tenant protection in comparative long-run perspective. Housing Studies. DOI: 10.1080/02673037.2021.1900796.
Google Scholar -
Kholodilin, Konstantin A. und Sebastian Kohl (2021b): Rent price control – yet another great equalizer of economic inequalities? Evidence from a century of historical data. DIW Berlin Discussion Paper No. 1927.
Google Scholar -
Knoll, Katharina, Moritz Schularick und Thomas Steger (2017): No price like home: Global house prices, 1870 – 2012. American Economic Review, 107(2), 331 – 353.
Google Scholar -
Kohl, Sebastian (2017): Homeownership, renting and society: Historical and comparative perspectives. London und New York, Routledge.
Google Scholar -
Kohl, Sebastian (2020): The political economy of homeownership: a comparative analysis of homeownership ideology through party manifestos. Socio-Economic Review, 18(4), 913 – 940.
Google Scholar -
Kuhn, Moritz, Moritz Schularick und Ulrike Steins (2020): Income and wealth inequality in America, 1949 – 2016. Journal of Political Economy, 128(9), 3469 – 3519.
Google Scholar -
Lundberg, Jacob und Daniel Waldenström (2018): Wealth inequality in Sweden: What can we learn from capitalized income tax data? Review of Income and Wealth, 64(3), 517 – 541.
Google Scholar -
Martínez-Toledano, Clara (2020): House price cycles, wealth inequality and portfolio reshuffling. WID.World Working Paper No. 2.
Google Scholar -
Pfeffer, Fabian T. und Nora Waitkus (2021): The wealth inequality of nations. American Sociological Review, 86(4), 567 – 602.
Google Scholar -
Piketty, Thomas, Gilles Postel-Vinay und Jean-Laurent Rosenthal (2006): Wealth concentration in a developing economy: Paris and France, 1807 – 1994. American Economic Review, 96(1), 236 – 256.
Google Scholar -
Piketty, Thomas und Gabriel Zucman (2014): Capital is back: Wealth-income ratios in rich countries, 1700 – 2010. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(3), 1255 – 1310.
Google Scholar -
Reisenbichler, Alexander (2021): Entrenchment or retrenchment: The political economy of mortgage debt subsidies in the United States and Germany. Comparative Politics. DOI: 10.5129/001041522X16314500561319.
Google Scholar -
Roine, Jesper und Daniel Waldenström (2009): Wealth concentration over the path of development: Sweden, 1873 – 2006. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 111(1), 151 – 187.
Google Scholar -
Saez, Emmanuel und Gabriel Zucman (2016): Wealth inequality in the United States since 1913: Evidence from capitalized income tax data, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(2), 519 – 578.
Google Scholar -
Shorrocks, Anthony F. (1982): Inequality decomposition by factor component. Econometrica, 50, 193 – 212.
Google Scholar -
Sims, David P. (2007): Out of Control: What can we learn from the end of Massachusetts rent control? Journal of Urban Economics, 61(1), 129 – 51.
Google Scholar -
Skopek, Nora, Kathrin Kolb, Sandra Buchholz und Hans-Peter Blossfeld (2012): Einkommensreich – vermögensarm? Die Zusammensetzung von Vermögen und die Bedeutung einzelner Vermögenskomponenten im europäischen Vergleich. Berliner Journal für Soziologie, 22(2), 163 – 187.
Google Scholar -
U.S. Census Bureau (2021): Current Population Survey/Housing Vacancy Survey, March 9, 2021. https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/data/charts/fig08.pdf (abgerufen am 01. 12. 2021).
Google Scholar -
Voigtländer, Michael (2009): Why is the German homeownership rate so low? Housing Studies, 24(3), 355 – 372.
Google Scholar -
Waldenström, Daniel (2021): Wealth and history: An update. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 16631.
Google Scholar -
Wind, Barend, Philipp Lersch und Caroline Dewilde (2017): The distribution of housing wealth in 16 European countries: accounting for institutional differences. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 32, 625 – 647.
Google Scholar -
Zündorf, Irmgard (2006): Der Preis der Marktwirtschaft. Staatliche Preispolitik und Lebensstandard in Westdeutschland 1948 bis 1963. München, Franz Steiner Verlag.
Google Scholar