Book Details

ISBN:    978-3-428-47627-5

DOI:    https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-47627-5

Published online:    2021-05

Edition:    1

Language:    German

Pages:    384

Keywords:    Volkswirtschaft Wachstum (Wirtsch.) Wettbewerb Volkswirtschaft Wachstum (Wirtsch.) Wettbewerb Volkswirtschaft Wachstum (Wirtsch.) Wettbewerb Volkswirtschaft Wachstum (Wirtsch.) Wettbewerb Volkswirtschaft Wachstum (Wirtsch.) Wettbewerb Volkswirtschaft Wachstum (Wirtsch.) Wettbewerb Volkswirtschaft Wachstum (Wirtsch.) Wettbewerb Volkswirtschaft Wachstum (Wirtsch.) Wettbewerb

Subjects:    Macroeconomics ,

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Institution:    €89.90 (incl. local VAT if applicable)

Individual:    €89.90 (incl. local VAT if applicable)

Section Title	Page	Action	Price
Contents	5
Onorio Clauser et al.: Introduction	7
A General Outlook	7
Innovation and Diffusion: Some Empirical Facts and Institutional Conditions	11
Technical Progress and Labour	17
Innovation Activities and International Competition	23
Technological Change and the Structure of the Economic System	29
References	34
I. Innovation and Diffusion: Some Empirical Facts and Institutional Conditions	41
Lothar Scholz: Technological Innovation in Industry: Conception and Results of Innovation Surveys	41
1. A Critique of the Conventional Theory of Technical Progress	41
2. Innovation Activities as Determinants of Technical Progress	42
3. Development of Innovation Surveys	43
4. Micro-Economic Results	44
5. Macro-Economic Results	46
6. International Comparisons	49
7. Final Remarks	52
References	53
Wilhelmine Goldmann: Research and Development in Austria in an International Comparison	55
1. The State of Research in the Fifties and Sixties	55
1.1. Research Policies at Level Zero	56
2. Austrian R&D Expenditure in an International Comparison	57
2.1. General Trends	57
2.2. Structural Frame of Research Expenditure	57
2.3. The Government Sector (Public Financing of R&D)	58
2.4. The Business Enterprise Sector: Finance and Performance	60
2.5. The University Sector	62
3. The Structure of Expenditure	63
4. Conclusions for Austria	67
References	68
Kurt Hornschild: The Role of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Framework of Technology Conditioned Structural Changes	69
1. Causes of Structural Change	69
2. Technological Competitiveness Secures Position in World Trade	71
3. The Role of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises	75
4. Empirical Results of the Innovative Behaviour of SMEs	78
5. Strategy and Technology-Conditioned Changes in Role Playing Between Large Enterprises and SMEs	82
6. Closing Remarks	83
References	85
Raffaele Paci: Technological Innovation and International Competitiveness: The Cases of Germany and Italy	87
1. Introduction	87
2. A Brief Survey of the Literature	88
3. The Specialization Indexes	90
4. The Econometric Results	93
References	100
Patrizio Bianchi: Theory of the Firm, Innovative Processes and Institutional Change	103
1. Introduction	103
2. Theories of the Firm and Neo-Institutionalism	104
3. Theories of Social Evolution	106
4. Evolution of Social Relations and Institutional Change	109
5. Public Policies, Institutional Change and Social Evolution	111
References	114
Werner Clement: Pattern Detection in Innovation Research	117
Discussion of the Papers by W. Goldmann, L. Scholz and P. Bianchi	117
References	122
II. Technical Progress and Labour	123
Paolo Pini: Macroeconomic Analysis of the Employment Effects of Technological Change: An Evaluation of the Links Between Theoretical Framework and Empirical Models	125
1. Introduction	125
2. Structure of a General Model and Compensation Effects	126
3. Some Types of Aggregate Models	133
4. Some Types of Multisectoral Model	146
5. Conclusions	163
References	165
Peter Kalmbach: The Impact of New Technologies on Employment: The State of the Art and Perspectives for Research	169
Introduction	169
Different Dimensions of the Problem	170
The Determination of the Net-Employment Effect	174
Conclusions and Perspectives for Research	180
References	182
Riccardo Leoni: Quantitative and Qualitative Effects of Technological Innovations: Issues, Empirical Evidence and Implications	185
1. Introduction	185
2. Issues	186
2.1. The Optimistic Thesis	186
2.2. The Pessimistic Thesis	188
2.3. The Neutral Thesis	190
3. The Definition of Skill	191
4. Empirical Evidence	193
4.1. Quantitative Aspects	193
4.2. A Brief Glance at the Production-Productivity-Employment Relationsbip	197
4.3. The Impact of Technological Innovations on Required Skills	198
4.4. The \"Male-Chauvinist\" Nature of New Technology	202
4.5. The Effect of Microelectronics on Jobs	205
5. Discussion and Conclusion	208
References	210
Paolo Piacentini: Capacity and Employment: Macroeconomic Implications of the Variability of the Age Structure of the Capital Stock	213
1. Introduction	213
2. Stylized Facts	214
3. Analytical Suggestions from within a Vintage Production Framework	217
4. Concluding Remarks	225
References	226
Luitpold Uhlmann: Technical Innovation and the Labour Market	229
Discussion of the Papers by P. Kalmbach and R. Leoni	229
III. Innovation Activities and International Competition	233
Ferdinando Targetti, Alessandro Foti: Growth and Technical Progress: Convergence or Divergence among Countries	235
1. Introduction	235
2. A Simple Framework	235
3. Harrod	236
4. The Neoclassical Model	237
5. Endogenous Technical Progress	238
6. Connections of Growth in Different Countries	238
7. Theories of Cumulative Causation	239
8. Limitations of the Model	243
9. Catching up Theory	243
10. Limitations of the Model	245
11. Integration of the Three Forces Acting in the Two Models	246
12. Each of the Three Forces has Two Regimes	247
13. The Complexity of a Theoretical Model	247
14. The Econometric Model	248
15. OECD 1960-1973	249
16. OECD 1973-1985	249
17. C.U. Ranking and C.C.	250
18. Latin America 1960-1973	252
19. Latin America 1973-1985	252
20. Latin America Before and After 1979	253
21. Conclusions	253
Appendix	255
Data Sources and Econometric Techniques	261
References	262
Gerhard Clemenz: International R&D Competition in Cournot Oligopolies	265
1. Introduction	265
2. The R&D Process	267
2.1. Equilibria at Given Unit Costs	267
2.2. Returns to R&D	268
3. International R&D Competition	272
3.1. International Duopolies	272
3.2. Several Foreign Firms	274
4. Some Policy Issues	275
4.1. Gains From Trade	275
4.2. Subsidies	276
5. Concluding Remarks	278
Appendix	279
References	279
Francesco Pigliaru, Luisa Segnana: Spillovers, Localized Learning and Comparative Advantage	281
1. Introduction	281
Part I	283
2. Uneven Growth and Comparative Advantage	283
3. Production	285
4. Comparative Advantage	287
5. Comparative Statics	289
Part II	292
6. Institutional and Organizational Aspects of Comparative Advantages	292
7. Institutional and Organizational Aspects of Learning Processes	295
8. Policy Implications and Some Concluding Remarks	300
References	302
IV. Technological Change and the Structure of the Economic System	305
Gilberto Antonelli, Giovanni Pegoretti: Technological Change, Technological Systems, Factors of Production	307
1. Introduction	307
2. A General Reference Framework	309
2.1. Scarcity, Variety of Natural Resources and Economic Systems	310
2.2. Antagonism-Coexistence-Synergy Between Scarcity and Producibility	312
2.3. Relative Scarcity and Focusing Devices	313
3. Some Considerations on the Use of the Concept of System	313
4. The Distinction Between Technological System and Production Techniques	316
5. A Simplified Model	320
6. Incomes, Final Demand and Activity Levels	327
7. The Dynamics of the System	328
8. Introduction of the New Technique	332
9. The Diffusion of the New Technique	334
10. The Price-Distribution System	340
11. Comparison Between Economic Systems	342
12. Some Reflections on Possible Uses of the Model	343
References	345
Bernhard Böhm, Lionello F. Punzo: Detecting Structural Change: A Scheme for the Comparison of Austria and Italy in the Seventies and Eighties	347
1. Austria and Italy: Some Stylized Facts	347
2. Preliminaries	349
3. Two Viewpoints on Technical Change and Accumulation	350
4. The Terminology and Data of the \"Model	351
5. A State Space Framework	353
6. Development Patterns and Structural Change	355
7. Overall Development Patterns of Italy and Austria	356
8. The Development Patterns of Industrial Sectors	358
References	362
Onorio Clauser, Geremia Gios, Roberta Raffaelli: Innovations Constrained by Scarce Resources	375
I.	375
II.	375
III.	376
IV.	379
V.	380
References	381
List of Speakers	383